ADAPTATION OF ORGANISM

Adaptation is a way of living things to adapt to the environment in which they live. This adaptation is needed by living beings on earth, because every earthly environment has its own characteristics. Suppose the temperature is very cold temperatures and there is plenty of water whereas otherwise in the desert the temperature is hot, arid, and difficult to get water.

Therefore place the living creatures have different shapes and characteristics to adapt themselves to the environment. Like, Polar bears have thick fur to protect their bodies from cold temperatures and in camel desert have a hump or a protruding part on its back as a reserve of water because it is difficult to get water.

The environment in which living creatures multiply is called habitat. In general, living beings that have adapted in certain environments are difficult to adapt elsewhere. Except humans, because humans have the brain and mind as a tool to adapt to various environments. This brain and mind is used to adjust the environment to its will. Suppose, the poles are cold then he made a house that is shaped like a dome because with such a form the temperature inside would be warmer.

Kinds of Adaptation

A. Morphological Adaptation

Adaptation of morphology is the adjustment of the body shape of living things or the living organisms to the environment in which they live. In this adaptation is usually a form of adjustment of body shape as in the shape of the beak, shape of the foot, as well as the whole body shape as a whole.

Adaptation to this body shape serves to adjust the shape of his body by the way he gets food and adjust his body shape with how he lived in the place.

B. Physiological Adaptation

Adaptation Physiology is the adjustment of the body function of a living thing to its environmental condition. This adaptation can not be seen directly by the eye. Because the adaptation of physiology concerns the function of internal organs of living things with their environment. Such as the human heart function to adapt to high areas.

C. Adaptation of Behavior

Behavioral adaptation is the way in which the creatures adapt to their surroundings in the form of behavior. This behavioral adaptation is related to the actions of living things to adapt or protect themselves from predators. In addition, adaptation of behavior associated with the habit of living things to adapt and maintain their life in an environment.

Examples of Adaptation

Examples of this adaptation are divided into three parts: the example of morphological adaptation, examples of physiological adaptations and examples of behavioral adaptations.

A. Examples of morphological adaptations

Examples of morphological adaptations to terrestrial living creatures:

1) An xerophyte plant such as a cacti has thick stems to store water, has a spiny leaf that serves to reduce evaporation, and has long, spreading roots for easier access to water. This is done because of its arid and barren habitat.

2) The desert bunny has a big ear to cool off. Because when the rabbit's blood flows through the ears the blood releases the surrounding heat.

3) Desert frog has horned legs useful for digging holes up to 3 meters. This hole is used to protect itself from the scorching heat of the desert.

B. Example of Physiological adaptation

Examples of physiological adaptations include:

1) When in a high area like peak mountain humans produce more red blood grains to bind more oxygen. Because in the highlands the atmospheric pressure is smaller than the lowland so only a little oxygen can enter our bodies.

2) Fish that live in salt water is more concentrated than urine ika that live in fresh water. Fish that live in the salty water to release more concentrated urine so that the amount of salt in the fish is not excessive.

C. Examples of Adaptation of Behavior

Examples of behavioral adaptations:

1) Chameleons change their body color according to their environment more easily get their prey.

2) Whales and dolphins regularly appear on the surface of water for breathing. Because the whales and dolphins are mammals that breathe with the lungs.

3) Termites that peel the skin will be eaten back by the termites. This is done because within the skin of termites there is a termite intestines that come peeling and the intestine has a flagellate that produces cellulase enzymes that can digest wood. In addition, young termites lick the rayao adult rectum in order to obtain cellulase enzymes to digest wood.

The survival curve is a graph showing the number or proportion of living individuals at any age for a given species or group (eg male / female or female / female). A survival curve can be constructed for a given cohort (a group of individuals of the same age) based on the life table.

There are three common types of survival curves:

• Type I curves characterized by high survival early in life and moderation, followed by a rapid decline in later life survival. These species are typical curves that produce some offspring but treat them well, including humans and many other large mammals.

• The Type II curve is an intermediate between type I and type III, where constant mean mortality is experienced regardless of age. Some birds and some lizards follow this pattern.

• Type III curves, the greatest deaths experienced since the beginning of life, with relatively low mortality rates for those still living in the bottleneck effect. This type of curve is a characteristic of a species that produces a large number of offspring (see r / K selection theory). This curve includes most marine invertebrates. For example, oysters produce millions of eggs, but most larvae die from predation or other causes; Larvae that survive long enough to produce a living hard shell relatively long.

The number or proportion of living organisms is plotted on the y-axis, generally with a logarithmic scale beginning with 1,000 individuals, while their age, often as the maximum proportion of age, is plotted on the x-axis. In mathematical statistics, the function of the syntax is one of the special forms of the survival curve and plays the basic part in the analysis of the syntax.